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# Simple Ruby Version Management: rbenv
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<img src="http://cloud.github.com/downloads/sstephenson/rbenv/rbenv.png" width="894" height="464">
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rbenv lets you easily switch between multiple versions of Ruby. It's
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simple, unobtrusive, and follows the UNIX tradition of single-purpose
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tools that do one thing well.
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### rbenv _does…_
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* Let you **change the default Ruby version** on a per-user basis.
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* Provide support for **per-project Ruby versions**.
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* Allow you to **override the Ruby version** with an environment
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variable.
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### In contrast with rvm, rbenv _does not…_
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* **Need to be loaded into your shell.** Instead, rbenv's shim
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approach works by adding a directory to your `$PATH`.
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* **Override shell commands like `cd`.** That's just obnoxious!
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* **Have a configuration file.** There's nothing to configure except
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which version of Ruby you want to use.
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* **Install Ruby.** You can build and install Ruby yourself, or use
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[ruby-build](https://github.com/sstephenson/ruby-build.git) to
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automate the process.
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* **Manage gemsets.** [Bundler](http://gembundler.com/) is a better
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way to manage application dependencies. If you have projects that
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are not yet using Bundler you can install the
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[rbenv-gemset](https://github.com/jamis/rbenv-gemset) plugin.
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* **Require changes to Ruby libraries for compatibility.** The
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simplicity of rbenv means as long as it's in your `$PATH`,
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[nothing](https://rvm.beginrescueend.com/integration/bundler/)
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[else](https://rvm.beginrescueend.com/integration/capistrano/)
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needs to know about it.
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* **Prompt you with warnings when you switch to a project.** Instead
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of executing arbitrary code, rbenv reads just the version name
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from each project. There's nothing to "trust."
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## How It Works ##
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rbenv operates on the per-user directory `~/.rbenv`. Version names in
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rbenv correspond to subdirectories of `~/.rbenv/versions`. For
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example, you might have `~/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p354` and
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`~/.rbenv/versions/1.9.3-preview1`.
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Each version is a working tree with its own binaries, like
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`~/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p354/bin/ruby` and
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`~/.rbenv/versions/1.9.3-preview1/irb`. rbenv makes _shim binaries_
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for every such binary across all installed versions of Ruby.
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These shims are simple wrapper scripts that live in `~/.rbenv/shims`
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and detect which Ruby version you want to use. They insert the
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directory for the selected version at the beginning of your `$PATH`
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and then execute the corresponding binary.
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Because of the simplicity of the shim approach, all you need to use
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rbenv is `~/.rbenv/shims` in your `$PATH`.
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## Installation ##
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rbenv is a young project, so for now you must install it from source.
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**Compatibility note**: rbenv is _incompatible_ with rvm. Things will
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appear to work until you try to install a gem. The problem is that
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rvm actually overrides the `gem` command with a shell function!
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Please remove any references to rvm before using rbenv.
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1. Check out rbenv into `~/.rbenv`.
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$ cd
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$ git clone git://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv.git .rbenv
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2. Add `~/.rbenv/bin` to your `$PATH` for access to the `rbenv`
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command-line utility.
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$ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> .bash_profile
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3. Add rbenv's shims directory to your `$PATH` and set up Bash
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autocompletion. (If you prefer not to load rbenv in your shell, you
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can manually add `$HOME/.rbenv/shims` to your path in step 2.)
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$ echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> .bash_profile
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4. Restart your shell. You can now begin using rbenv.
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$ exec
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5. Install Ruby versions into `~/.rbenv/versions`. For example, to
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install Ruby 1.9.2-p290, download and unpack the source, then run:
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$ ./configure --prefix=~/.rbenv/versions/1.9.2-p290
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$ make
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$ make install
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The [ruby-build](https://github.com/sstephenson/ruby-build)
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project simplifies this process to a single command:
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$ ruby-build 1.9.2-p290 ~/.rbenv/versions/1.9.2-p290
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6. Rebuild the shim binaries. You should do this any time you install
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a new Ruby binary (for example, when installing a new Ruby version, or
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when installing a gem that provides a binary).
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$ rbenv rehash
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## Usage ##
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Like `git`, the `rbenv` command delegates to subcommands based on its
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first argument. The most common subcommands are:
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### set-default ###
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Sets the default version of Ruby to be used in all shells by writing
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the version name to the `~/.rbenv/default` file. This version can be
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overridden by a per-project `.rbenv-version` file, or by setting the
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`RBENV_VERSION` environment variable.
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$ rbenv set-default 1.9.2-p290
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The special version name `system` tells rbenv to use the system Ruby
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(detected by searching your `$PATH`).
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### set-local ###
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Sets a local per-project Ruby version by writing the version name to
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an `.rbenv-version` file in the current directory. This version
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overrides the default, and can be overridden itself by setting the
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`RBENV_VERSION` environment variable.
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$ rbenv set-local rbx-1.2.4
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### versions ###
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Lists all Ruby versions known to rbenv, and shows an asterisk next to
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the currently active version.
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$ rbenv versions
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1.8.7-p352
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1.9.2-p290
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* 1.9.3-preview1 (set by /Users/sam/.rbenv/default)
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jruby-1.6.3
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rbx-1.2.4
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ree-1.8.7-2011.03
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### version ###
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Displays the currently active Ruby version, along with information on
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how it was set.
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$ rbenv version
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1.8.7-p352 (set by /Volumes/37signals/basecamp/.rbenv-version)
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### rehash ###
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Installs shims for all Ruby binaries known to rbenv (i.e.,
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`~/.rbenv/versions/*/bin/*`). Run this command after you install a new
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version of Ruby, or install a gem that provides binaries.
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$ rbenv rehash
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## Contributing ##
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The rbenv source code is [hosted on
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GitHub](https://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv). It's clean, modular,
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and easy to understand, even if you're not a shell hacker.
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Please feel free to submit pull requests and file bugs on the [issue
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tracker](https://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv/issues).
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### License ###
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(The MIT license)
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Copyright (c) 2011 Sam Stephenson
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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
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a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
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"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
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without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
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distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
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permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
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the following conditions:
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The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
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included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
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EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
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MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
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NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
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LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
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OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
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WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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