diff --git a/.hooks/pre-commit.sh b/.hooks/pre-commit.sh
index 74e09da..448ace9 100755
--- a/.hooks/pre-commit.sh
+++ b/.hooks/pre-commit.sh
@@ -436,7 +436,6 @@ _setColors_() {
             white=$(tput setaf 231)
             blue=$(tput setaf 38)
             yellow=$(tput setaf 11)
-            tan=$(tput setaf 3)
             green=$(tput setaf 82)
             red=$(tput setaf 1)
             purple=$(tput setaf 171)
@@ -445,7 +444,6 @@ _setColors_() {
             white=$(tput setaf 7)
             blue=$(tput setaf 38)
             yellow=$(tput setaf 3)
-            tan=$(tput setaf 3)
             green=$(tput setaf 2)
             red=$(tput setaf 1)
             purple=$(tput setaf 13)
@@ -460,7 +458,6 @@ _setColors_() {
         white="\033[0;37m"
         blue="\033[0;34m"
         yellow="\033[0;33m"
-        tan="\033[0;33m"
         green="\033[1;32m"
         red="\033[0;31m"
         purple="\033[0;35m"
@@ -648,7 +645,7 @@ _safeExit_() {
         if command rm -rf "${SCRIPT_LOCK}"; then
             debug "Removing script lock"
         else
-            warning "Script lock could not be removed. Try manually deleting ${tan}'${LOCK_DIR}'"
+            warning "Script lock could not be removed. Try manually deleting ${yellow}'${SCRIPT_LOCK}'"
         fi
     fi
 
@@ -730,6 +727,7 @@ _makeTempDir_() {
     debug "\$TMP_DIR=${TMP_DIR}"
 }
 
+# shellcheck disable=SC2120
 _acquireScriptLock_() {
     # DESC:
     #         Acquire script lock to prevent running the same script a second time before the
@@ -746,18 +744,18 @@ _acquireScriptLock_() {
     if [[ ${1:-} == 'system' ]]; then
         _lockDir="${TMPDIR:-/tmp/}$(basename "$0").lock"
     else
-        _lockDir="${TMPDIR:-/tmp/}$(basename "$0").$UID.lock"
+        _lockDir="${TMPDIR:-/tmp/}$(basename "$0").${UID}.lock"
     fi
 
-    if command mkdir "${LOCK_DIR}" 2>/dev/null; then
+    if command mkdir "${_lockDir}" 2>/dev/null; then
         readonly SCRIPT_LOCK="${_lockDir}"
         debug "Acquired script lock: ${yellow}${SCRIPT_LOCK}${purple}"
     else
-        if [ "$(declare -f "_safeExit_")" ]; then
-            error "Unable to acquire script lock: ${tan}${LOCK_DIR}${red}"
+        if declare -f "_safeExit_" &>/dev/null; then
+            error "Unable to acquire script lock: ${yellow}${_lockDir}${red}"
             fatal "If you trust the script isn't running, delete the lock dir"
         else
-            printf "%s\n" "ERROR: Could not acquire script lock. If you trust the script isn't running, delete: ${LOCK_DIR}"
+            printf "%s\n" "ERROR: Could not acquire script lock. If you trust the script isn't running, delete: ${_lockDir}"
             exit 1
         fi
 
diff --git a/template.sh b/template.sh
index a912f99..41ff085 100755
--- a/template.sh
+++ b/template.sh
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ _mainScript_() {
     input "This is input text"
 
 }
+
 #/_mainsScript_()
 
 # ################################## Flags and defaults
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ _trapCleanup_() {
     local _script="${5:-}"
     local _sourced="${6:-}"
 
-    if [[ "$(declare -f "fatal")" && "$(declare -f "_printFuncStack_")" ]]; then
+    if declare -f "fatal" &>/dev/null && declare -f "_printFuncStack_" &>/dev/null; then
 
         _funcstack="'$(printf "%s" "${_funcstack}" | sed -E 's/ / < /g')'"
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ _trapCleanup_() {
         printf "%s\n" "Fatal error trapped. Exiting..."
     fi
 
-    if [ "$(declare -f "_safeExit_")" ]; then
+    if declare -f _safeExit_ &>/dev/null; then
         _safeExit_ 1
     else
         exit 1
@@ -87,9 +88,11 @@ _findBaseDir_() {
     local _dir
 
     # Is file sourced?
-    [[ $_ != "$0" ]] \
-        && _source="${BASH_SOURCE[1]}" \
-        || _source="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"
+    if [[ ${_} != "${0}" ]]; then
+        _source="${BASH_SOURCE[1]}"
+    else
+        _source="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"
+    fi
 
     while [ -h "${_source}" ]; do # Resolve $SOURCE until the file is no longer a symlink
         _dir="$(cd -P "$(dirname "${_source}")" && pwd)"
@@ -104,93 +107,92 @@ _sourceUtilities_() {
     #         Sources utility functions.  Absolute paths are required for shellcheck to correctly
     #         parse the sourced files
     # ARGS:
-    #					NONE
+    #					$1 (Required):  Absolute path to the directory containing the utilities
     # OUTS:
     #					 0:  Success
     #					 1:  Failure
     # USAGE:
-    #					_sourceUtilities_
+    #					_sourceUtilities_ "$(_findBaseDir_)/../../shell-scripting-templates/utilities"
 
     local _utilsPath
-    _utilsPath="$(_findBaseDir_)/../shell-scripting-templates/utilities/"
+    _utilsPath="${1}"
 
     if [ -f "${_utilsPath}/alerts.bash" ]; then
         source "${_utilsPath}/alerts.bash"
     else
-        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: alerts.bash not found"
+        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: ${_utilsPath}/alerts.bash not found"
         exit 1
     fi
 
     if [ -f "${_utilsPath}/arrays.bash" ]; then
         source "${_utilsPath}/arrays.bash"
     else
-        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: arrays.bash not found"
+        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: ${_utilsPath}/arrays.bash not found"
         exit 1
     fi
 
     if [ -f "${_utilsPath}/checks.bash" ]; then
         source "${_utilsPath}/checks.bash"
     else
-        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: checks.bash not found"
+        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: ${_utilsPath}/checks.bash not found"
         exit 1
     fi
 
     if [ -f "${_utilsPath}/dates.bash" ]; then
         source "${_utilsPath}/dates.bash"
     else
-        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: dates.bash not found"
+        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: ${_utilsPath}/dates.bash not found"
         exit 1
     fi
 
     if [ -f "${_utilsPath}/debug.bash" ]; then
         source "${_utilsPath}/debug.bash"
     else
-        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: debug.bash not found"
+        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: ${_utilsPath}/debug.bash not found"
         exit 1
     fi
 
     if [ -f "${_utilsPath}/files.bash" ]; then
         source "${_utilsPath}/files.bash"
     else
-        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: files.bash not found"
+        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: ${_utilsPath}/files.bash not found"
         exit 1
     fi
 
     if [ -f "${_utilsPath}/macOS.bash" ]; then
         source "${_utilsPath}/macOS.bash"
     else
-        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: macOS.bash not found"
+        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: ${_utilsPath}/macOS.bash not found"
         exit 1
     fi
 
     if [ -f "${_utilsPath}/misc.bash" ]; then
         source "${_utilsPath}/misc.bash"
     else
-        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: misc.bash not found"
+        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: ${_utilsPath}/misc.bash not found"
         exit 1
     fi
 
     if [ -f "${_utilsPath}/services.bash" ]; then
         source "${_utilsPath}/services.bash"
     else
-        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: services.bash not found"
+        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: ${_utilsPath}/services.bash not found"
         exit 1
     fi
 
     if [ -f "${_utilsPath}/strings.bash" ]; then
         source "${_utilsPath}/strings.bash"
     else
-        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: strings.bash not found"
+        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: ${_utilsPath}/strings.bash not found"
         exit 1
     fi
 
     if [ -f "${_utilsPath}/template_utils.bash" ]; then
         source "${_utilsPath}/template_utils.bash"
     else
-        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: template_utils.bash not found"
+        printf "%s\n" "ERROR: ${_utilsPath}/template_utils.bash not found"
         exit 1
     fi
-
 }
 
 _parseOptions_() {
@@ -219,7 +221,7 @@ _parseOptions_() {
                     _options+=("-${_c}") # Add current char to options
                     # If option takes a required argument, and it's not the last char make
                     # the rest of the string its argument
-                    if [[ ${_optstring} == *"${_c}:"* && ${1:i+1} ]]; then
+                    if [[ ${_optstring} == *"${_c}:"* && -n ${1:i+1} ]]; then
                         _options+=("${1:i+1}")
                         break
                     fi
@@ -265,10 +267,10 @@ _parseOptions_() {
                 break
                 ;;
             *)
-                if [ "$(declare -f "_safeExit_")" ]; then
+                if declare -f _safeExit_ &>/dev/null; then
                     fatal "invalid option: $1"
                 else
-                    printf "%s\n" "Invalid option: $1"
+                    printf "%s\n" "ERROR: Invalid option: $1"
                     exit 1
                 fi
                 ;;
@@ -337,7 +339,7 @@ IFS=$' \n\t'
 # set -o xtrace
 
 # Source utility functions
-_sourceUtilities_
+_sourceUtilities_ "$(_findBaseDir_)/../shell-scripting-templates/utilities"
 
 # Initialize color constants
 _setColors_
diff --git a/template_standalone.sh b/template_standalone.sh
index 23ef6c2..da4f287 100755
--- a/template_standalone.sh
+++ b/template_standalone.sh
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ _setColors_() {
             white=$(tput setaf 231)
             blue=$(tput setaf 38)
             yellow=$(tput setaf 11)
-            tan=$(tput setaf 3)
             green=$(tput setaf 82)
             red=$(tput setaf 1)
             purple=$(tput setaf 171)
@@ -61,7 +60,6 @@ _setColors_() {
             white=$(tput setaf 7)
             blue=$(tput setaf 38)
             yellow=$(tput setaf 3)
-            tan=$(tput setaf 3)
             green=$(tput setaf 2)
             red=$(tput setaf 1)
             purple=$(tput setaf 13)
@@ -76,7 +74,6 @@ _setColors_() {
         white="\033[0;37m"
         blue="\033[0;34m"
         yellow="\033[0;33m"
-        tan="\033[0;33m"
         green="\033[1;32m"
         red="\033[0;31m"
         purple="\033[0;35m"
@@ -241,10 +238,17 @@ _printFuncStack_() {
     # NOTE:
     #         Does not print functions from the alert class
     local _i
-    _funcStackResponse=()
+    declare -a _funcStackResponse=()
     for ((_i = 1; _i < ${#BASH_SOURCE[@]}; _i++)); do
-        case "${FUNCNAME[$_i]}" in "_alert_" | "_trapCleanup_" | fatal | error | warning | notice | info | debug | dryrun | header | success) continue ;; esac
-        _funcStackResponse+=("${FUNCNAME[$_i]}:$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[$_i]}"):${BASH_LINENO[_i - 1]}")
+        case "${FUNCNAME[${_i}]}" in
+            _alert_ | _trapCleanup_ | fatal | error | warning | notice | info | debug | dryrun | header | success)
+                continue
+                ;;
+            *)
+                _funcStackResponse+=("${FUNCNAME[${_i}]}:$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[${_i}]}"):${BASH_LINENO[_i - 1]}")
+                ;;
+        esac
+
     done
     printf "( "
     printf %s "${_funcStackResponse[0]}"
@@ -264,7 +268,7 @@ _safeExit_() {
         if command rm -rf "${SCRIPT_LOCK}"; then
             debug "Removing script lock"
         else
-            warning "Script lock could not be removed. Try manually deleting ${tan}'${LOCK_DIR}'"
+            warning "Script lock could not be removed. Try manually deleting ${yellow}'${SCRIPT_LOCK}'"
         fi
     fi
 
@@ -303,7 +307,7 @@ _trapCleanup_() {
     local _script="${5:-}"
     local _sourced="${6:-}"
 
-    if [[ "$(declare -f "fatal")" && "$(declare -f "_printFuncStack_")" ]]; then
+    if declare -f "fatal" &>/dev/null && declare -f "_printFuncStack_" &>/dev/null; then
 
         _funcstack="'$(printf "%s" "${_funcstack}" | sed -E 's/ / < /g')'"
 
@@ -316,7 +320,7 @@ _trapCleanup_() {
         printf "%s\n" "Fatal error trapped. Exiting..."
     fi
 
-    if [ "$(declare -f "_safeExit_")" ]; then
+    if declare -f _safeExit_ &>/dev/null; then
         _safeExit_ 1
     else
         exit 1
@@ -346,6 +350,7 @@ _makeTempDir_() {
     debug "\$TMP_DIR=${TMP_DIR}"
 }
 
+# shellcheck disable=SC2120
 _acquireScriptLock_() {
     # DESC:
     #         Acquire script lock to prevent running the same script a second time before the
@@ -362,18 +367,18 @@ _acquireScriptLock_() {
     if [[ ${1:-} == 'system' ]]; then
         _lockDir="${TMPDIR:-/tmp/}$(basename "$0").lock"
     else
-        _lockDir="${TMPDIR:-/tmp/}$(basename "$0").$UID.lock"
+        _lockDir="${TMPDIR:-/tmp/}$(basename "$0").${UID}.lock"
     fi
 
-    if command mkdir "${LOCK_DIR}" 2>/dev/null; then
+    if command mkdir "${_lockDir}" 2>/dev/null; then
         readonly SCRIPT_LOCK="${_lockDir}"
         debug "Acquired script lock: ${yellow}${SCRIPT_LOCK}${purple}"
     else
-        if [ "$(declare -f "_safeExit_")" ]; then
-            error "Unable to acquire script lock: ${tan}${LOCK_DIR}${red}"
+        if declare -f "_safeExit_" &>/dev/null; then
+            error "Unable to acquire script lock: ${yellow}${_lockDir}${red}"
             fatal "If you trust the script isn't running, delete the lock dir"
         else
-            printf "%s\n" "ERROR: Could not acquire script lock. If you trust the script isn't running, delete: ${LOCK_DIR}"
+            printf "%s\n" "ERROR: Could not acquire script lock. If you trust the script isn't running, delete: ${_lockDir}"
             exit 1
         fi
 
@@ -426,7 +431,7 @@ _useGNUutils_() {
     # NOTES:
     #					GNU utilities can be added to MacOS using Homebrew
 
-    [ ! "$(declare -f "_setPATH_")" ] && fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _setPATH_"
+    ! declare -f "_setPATH_" &>/dev/null && fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _setPATH_"
 
     if _setPATH_ \
         "/usr/local/opt/gnu-tar/libexec/gnubin" \
@@ -466,7 +471,7 @@ _parseOptions_() {
                     _options+=("-${_c}") # Add current char to options
                     # If option takes a required argument, and it's not the last char make
                     # the rest of the string its argument
-                    if [[ ${_optstring} == *"${_c}:"* && ${1:i+1} ]]; then
+                    if [[ ${_optstring} == *"${_c}:"* && -n ${1:i+1} ]]; then
                         _options+=("${1:i+1}")
                         break
                     fi
@@ -512,10 +517,10 @@ _parseOptions_() {
                 break
                 ;;
             *)
-                if [ "$(declare -f "_safeExit_")" ]; then
+                if declare -f _safeExit_ &>/dev/null; then
                     fatal "invalid option: $1"
                 else
-                    printf "%s\n" "Invalid option: $1"
+                    printf "%s\n" "ERROR: Invalid option: $1"
                     exit 1
                 fi
                 ;;
diff --git a/test/fixtures/test.md b/test/fixtures/test.md
index bb1be36..9b4cb84 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/test.md
+++ b/test/fixtures/test.md
@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 # About
+
 This repository contains everything needed to bootstrap and configure new Mac computer. Included here are:
 
-  * dotfiles
-  * ~/bin/ scripts
-  * Configuration files
-  * Scripting templates and utilities
-  * `install.sh`, a script to put everything where it needs to go
+- dotfiles
+- ~/bin/ scripts
+- Configuration files
+- Scripting templates and utilities
+- `install.sh`, a script to put everything where it needs to go
 
-**Disclaimer:**  *I am not a professional programmer and I bear no responsibility whatsoever if any of these scripts wipes your computer, destroys your data, crashes your car, or otherwise causes mayhem and destruction.  USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.*
+**Disclaimer:** _I am not a professional programmer and I bear no responsibility whatsoever if any of these scripts wipes your computer, destroys your data, crashes your car, or otherwise causes mayhem and destruction. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK._
 
 ## install.sh
-This script runs through a series of tasks to configure a new computer. There are three distinct areas of `install.sh` which are executed in order.  These are:
 
-  1. **Bootstrapping** - Installing base components such as Command Line Tools, Homebrew, Node, RVM, etc.
-  2. **Installation** - Symlinking dotfiles and installing executables such as NPM Packages, Homebrew Casks, etc.
-  3. **Configuration** - Configures installed packages and apps.
+This script runs through a series of tasks to configure a new computer. There are three distinct areas of `install.sh` which are executed in order. These are:
+
+1. **Bootstrapping** - Installing base components such as Command Line Tools, Homebrew, Node, RVM, etc.
+2. **Installation** - Symlinking dotfiles and installing executables such as NPM Packages, Homebrew Casks, etc.
+3. **Configuration** - Configures installed packages and apps.
 
 The files are organized into three subdirectories.
 
@@ -32,20 +34,20 @@ dotfiles
 └── scripting/
 ```
 
-  * **bin** - Symlinked to `~/bin` and is added to your `$PATH`.
-  * **config** - Contains the elements needed to configure your environment and specific apps.
-  * config/**bash** - Files in this directory are *sourced* by `.bash_profile`.
-  * config/**shell** - Files here are symlinked to your local environment. Ahem, dotfiles.
-  * **lib** - Contains the scripts and configuration for `install.sh`
-  * lib/**bootstrap** - Scripts here are executed by `install.sh` first.
-  * lib/**configure** - Scripts here are exectuted by `install.sh` after packages have been installed
-  * **config-install.yaml** - This YAML file contains the list of symlinks to be created, as well as the packages to be installed.
-  * **scripting** - This directory contains bash scripting utilities and templates which I re-use often.
+- **bin** - Symlinked to `~/bin` and is added to your `$PATH`.
+- **config** - Contains the elements needed to configure your environment and specific apps.
+- config/**bash** - Files in this directory are _sourced_ by `.bash_profile`.
+- config/**shell** - Files here are symlinked to your local environment. Ahem, dotfiles.
+- **lib** - Contains the scripts and configuration for `install.sh`
+- lib/**bootstrap** - Scripts here are executed by `install.sh` first.
+- lib/**configure** - Scripts here are executed by `install.sh` after packages have been installed
+- **config-install.yaml** - This YAML file contains the list of symlinks to be created, as well as the packages to be installed.
+- **scripting** - This directory contains bash scripting utilities and templates which I re-use often.
 
 **IMPORTANT:** Unless you want to use my defaults, make sure you do the following:
 
-  * Edit `config-install.yaml` to reflect your preferred packages
-  * Review the files in `config/` to configure your own aliases, preferences, etc.
+- Edit `config-install.yaml` to reflect your preferred packages
+- Review the files in `config/` to configure your own aliases, preferences, etc.
 
 #### Private Files
 
@@ -55,12 +57,13 @@ Private files are held in a separate folder named `private`. This repository is
 
 Since you're not me, you should **fork this repository and replace the `private` directory with a git submodule of your own.**
 
-Within the private directory you can write your own install script to configure and install your own files.  This script should be named: `privateInstall.sh`
+Within the private directory you can write your own install script to configure and install your own files. This script should be named: `privateInstall.sh`
 
 If `private/privateInstall.sh` exists, `install.sh` will invoke it.
 
 ## Cloning this repo to a new computer
-The first step needed to use these dotfiles is to clone this repo into the $HOME directory.  To make this easy, I created [a gist](https://gist.github.com/natelandau/b6ec165862277f3a7a4beff76da53a9c) which can easily be run with the following command:
+
+The first step needed to use these dotfiles is to clone this repo into the $HOME directory. To make this easy, I created [a gist](https://gist.github.com/natelandau/b6ec165862277f3a7a4beff76da53a9c) which can easily be run with the following command:
 
 ```
 curl -SL https://gist.githubusercontent.com/natelandau/b3e1dfba7491137f0a0f5e25721fffc2/raw/d98763695a0ddef1de9db2383f43149005423f20/bootstrapNewMac | bash
@@ -68,12 +71,13 @@ curl -SL https://gist.githubusercontent.com/natelandau/b3e1dfba7491137f0a0f5e257
 
 This gist creates a script `~/bootstrap.sh` in your home directory which completes the following tasks
 
-  1. Creates a new public SSH key if needed
-  2. Copies your public key to your clipboard
-  3. Opens Github to allow you to add this public key to your 'known keys'
-  4. Clones this dotfiles repo to your home directory
+1. Creates a new public SSH key if needed
+2. Copies your public key to your clipboard
+3. Opens Github to allow you to add this public key to your 'known keys'
+4. Clones this dotfiles repo to your home directory
 
 See. Easy. Now you're ready to run `~/dotfiles/install.sh` and get your new computer working.
 
 ### A Note on Code Reuse
-Many of the scripts, configuration files, and other information herein were created by me over many years without ever having the intention to make them public. As a novice programmer, I have Googled, GitHubbed, and StackExchanged a path to solve my own scripting needs.  Quite often I would lift a function whole-cloth from a GitHub repo and not keep track of it's original location.  I have done my best within these files to recreate my footsteps and give credit to the original creators of the code when possible.  Unfortunately, I fear that I missed as many as I found.  My goal of making this repository public is not to take credit for the wonderful code written by others. If you recognize or wrote something here that I didn't credit, please let me know.
\ No newline at end of file
+
+Many of the scripts, configuration files, and other information herein were created by me over many years without ever having the intention to make them public. As a novice programmer, I have Googled, GitHubbed, and StackExchanged a path to solve my own scripting needs. Quite often I would lift a function whole-cloth from a GitHub repo and not keep track of it's original location. I have done my best within these files to recreate my footsteps and give credit to the original creators of the code when possible. Unfortunately, I fear that I missed as many as I found. My goal of making this repository public is not to take credit for the wonderful code written by others. If you recognize or wrote something here that I didn't credit, please let me know.
diff --git a/utilities/alerts.bash b/utilities/alerts.bash
index a155481..b926bcc 100644
--- a/utilities/alerts.bash
+++ b/utilities/alerts.bash
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ _setColors_() {
             white=$(tput setaf 231)
             blue=$(tput setaf 38)
             yellow=$(tput setaf 11)
-            tan=$(tput setaf 3)
             green=$(tput setaf 82)
             red=$(tput setaf 1)
             purple=$(tput setaf 171)
@@ -30,7 +29,6 @@ _setColors_() {
             white=$(tput setaf 7)
             blue=$(tput setaf 38)
             yellow=$(tput setaf 3)
-            tan=$(tput setaf 3)
             green=$(tput setaf 2)
             red=$(tput setaf 1)
             purple=$(tput setaf 13)
@@ -45,7 +43,6 @@ _setColors_() {
         white="\033[0;37m"
         blue="\033[0;34m"
         yellow="\033[0;33m"
-        tan="\033[0;33m"
         green="\033[1;32m"
         red="\033[0;31m"
         purple="\033[0;35m"
@@ -210,10 +207,17 @@ _printFuncStack_() {
     # NOTE:
     #         Does not print functions from the alert class
     local _i
-    _funcStackResponse=()
+    declare -a _funcStackResponse=()
     for ((_i = 1; _i < ${#BASH_SOURCE[@]}; _i++)); do
-        case "${FUNCNAME[$_i]}" in "_alert_" | "_trapCleanup_" | fatal | error | warning | notice | info | debug | dryrun | header | success) continue ;; esac
-        _funcStackResponse+=("${FUNCNAME[$_i]}:$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[$_i]}"):${BASH_LINENO[_i - 1]}")
+        case "${FUNCNAME[${_i}]}" in
+            _alert_ | _trapCleanup_ | fatal | error | warning | notice | info | debug | dryrun | header | success)
+                continue
+                ;;
+            *)
+                _funcStackResponse+=("${FUNCNAME[${_i}]}:$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[${_i}]}"):${BASH_LINENO[_i - 1]}")
+                ;;
+        esac
+
     done
     printf "( "
     printf %s "${_funcStackResponse[0]}"
@@ -319,7 +323,7 @@ _clearLine_() {
     # USAGE:
     #					_clearLine_ "2"
 
-    [ ! "$(declare -f "_isTerminal_")" ] && fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _isTerminal_"
+    ! declare -f _isTerminal_ &>/dev/null && fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _isTerminal_"
 
     local i
     if _isTerminal_; then
diff --git a/utilities/arrays.bash b/utilities/arrays.bash
index 209cec2..82f6036 100644
--- a/utilities/arrays.bash
+++ b/utilities/arrays.bash
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ _dedupeArray_() {
     declare -a _uniqueArray
     local _i
     for _i in "$@"; do
-        { [[ -z ${_i} || ${_tmpArray[${_i}]:-} ]]; } && continue
+        { [[ -z ${_i} || -n ${_tmpArray[${_i}]:-} ]]; } && continue
         _uniqueArray+=("${_i}") && _tmpArray[${_i}]=x
     done
     printf '%s\n' "${_uniqueArray[@]}"
@@ -50,13 +50,16 @@ _forEachDo_() {
         if [[ ${_func} == *"$"* ]]; then
             eval "${_func}"
         else
-            [ ! "$(declare -f "${_func}")" ] && fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} could not find function ${_func}"
-            eval "${_func}" "'${_it}'"
+            if declare -f "${_func}" &>/dev/null; then
+                eval "${_func}" "'${_it}'"
+            else
+                fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} could not find function ${_func}"
+            fi
         fi
         declare -i _ret="$?"
 
         if [[ ${_ret} -ne 0 ]]; then
-            return ${_ret}
+            return "${_ret}"
         fi
     done
 }
@@ -85,8 +88,11 @@ _forEachValidate_() {
         if [[ ${_func} == *"$"* ]]; then
             eval "${_func}"
         else
-            [ ! "$(declare -f "${_func}")" ] && fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} could not find function ${_func}"
-            eval "${_func}" "'${_it}'"
+            if ! declare -f "${_func}"; then
+                fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} could not find function ${_func}"
+            else
+                eval "${_func}" "'${_it}'"
+            fi
         fi
         declare -i _ret="$?"
 
@@ -255,7 +261,7 @@ _inArray_() {
         case ${opt} in
             i | I)
                 #shellcheck disable=SC2064
-                trap "$(shopt -p nocasematch)" RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
+                trap '$(shopt -p nocasematch)' RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
                 shopt -s nocasematch                  # Use case-insensitive regex
                 ;;
             *) fatal "Unrecognized option '${1}' passed to ${FUNCNAME[0]}. Exiting." ;;
@@ -410,14 +416,14 @@ _setDiff_() {
     declare -a _setdiffC=()
 
     for _a in "${_setdiffA[@]}"; do
-        _skip=
+        _skip=0
         for _b in "${_setdiffB[@]}"; do
             if [[ ${_a} == "${_b}" ]]; then
                 _skip=1
                 break
             fi
         done
-        [[ "${_skip}" ]] || _setdiffC=("${_setdiffC[@]}" "${_a}")
+        [[ ${_skip} -eq 1 ]] || _setdiffC=("${_setdiffC[@]}" "${_a}")
     done
 
     if [[ ${#_setdiffC[@]} == 0 ]]; then
diff --git a/utilities/checks.bash b/utilities/checks.bash
index bbe7b02..a2d5938 100644
--- a/utilities/checks.bash
+++ b/utilities/checks.bash
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ _isEmail_() {
     [[ $# == 0 ]] && fatal "Missing required argument to ${FUNCNAME[0]}"
 
     #shellcheck disable=SC2064
-    trap "$(shopt -p nocasematch)" RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
+    trap '$(shopt -p nocasematch)' RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
     shopt -s nocasematch                  # Use case-insensitive regex
 
     local _emailRegex
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ _rootAvailable_() {
     elif [[ -z ${1:-} ]]; then
         debug 'Sudo: Updating cached credentials ...'
         if sudo -v; then
-            if [[ $(sudo -H -- "$BASH" -c 'printf "%s" "$EUID"') -eq 0 ]]; then
+            if [[ $(sudo -H -- "${BASH}" -c 'printf "%s" "$EUID"') -eq 0 ]]; then
                 _superuser=true
             else
                 _superuser=false
diff --git a/utilities/dates.bash b/utilities/dates.bash
index ea119af..ddb9ff9 100644
--- a/utilities/dates.bash
+++ b/utilities/dates.bash
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ _parseDate_() {
     PARSE_DATE_DAY="" PARSE_DATE_HOUR="" PARSE_DATE_MINUTE=""
 
     #shellcheck disable=SC2064
-    trap "$(shopt -p nocasematch)" RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
+    trap '$(shopt -p nocasematch)' RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
     shopt -s nocasematch                  # Use case-insensitive regex
 
     debug "_parseDate_() input: ${_stringToTest}"
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ _parseDate_() {
 
     # # MMDD or DDYY
     # elif [[ "${_stringToTest}" =~ .*(([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})).* ]]; then
-    #     debug "regex match: ${tan}MMDD or DDMM${purple}"
+    #     debug "regex match: MMDD or DDMM"
     #     PARSE_DATE_FOUND="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
 
     #    # Figure out if days are months or vice versa
@@ -496,17 +496,6 @@ _parseDate_() {
     [[ -z ${PARSE_DATE_MINUTE:-} ]] || debug "\$PARSE_DATE_MINUTE:   ${PARSE_DATE_MINUTE}"
 
     shopt -u nocasematch
-
-    # Output results for BATS tests
-    if [ "${automated_test_in_progress:-}" ]; then
-        echo "PARSE_DATE_FOUND: ${PARSE_DATE_FOUND}"
-        echo "PARSE_DATE_YEAR: ${PARSE_DATE_YEAR}"
-        echo "PARSE_DATE_MONTH: ${PARSE_DATE_MONTH}"
-        echo "PARSE_DATE_MONTH_NAME: ${PARSE_DATE_MONTH_NAME}"
-        echo "PARSE_DATE_DAY: ${PARSE_DATE_DAY}"
-        echo "PARSE_DATE_HOUR: ${PARSE_DATE_HOUR}"
-        echo "PARSE_DATE_MINUTE: ${PARSE_DATE_MINUTE}"
-    fi
 }
 
 _readableUnixTimestamp_() {
@@ -570,5 +559,5 @@ _toSeconds_() {
         _s="$3"
     fi
 
-    printf "%s\n" "$((10#$_h * 3600 + 10#$_m * 60 + 10#$_s))"
+    printf "%s\n" "$((10#${_h} * 3600 + 10#${_m} * 60 + 10#${_s}))"
 }
diff --git a/utilities/debug.bash b/utilities/debug.bash
index a237c6f..96ca3bc 100644
--- a/utilities/debug.bash
+++ b/utilities/debug.bash
@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ _printArray_() {
     local _lineNumber="${2:-}"
     declare -n _arr="${1}"
 
-    [[ ${VERBOSE} != true ]] && return 0
+    [[ ${VERBOSE:-} != true ]] && return 0
 
     debug "Printing contents of \${${_arrayName}[@]}" "${_lineNumber}"
 
     for _k in "${!_arr[@]}"; do
-        debug "${_k} = ${_arr[$_k]}"
+        debug "${_k} = ${_arr[${_k}]}"
     done
 }
diff --git a/utilities/files.bash b/utilities/files.bash
index 240debf..f26a1b4 100644
--- a/utilities/files.bash
+++ b/utilities/files.bash
@@ -48,34 +48,29 @@ _backupFile_() {
     local _newFilename
 
     # Error handling
-    [ ! "$(declare -f "_execute_")" ] \
-        && {
-            fatal "_backupFile_ needs function _execute_"
-        }
-    [ ! "$(declare -f "_createUniqueFilename_")" ] \
-        && {
-            fatal "_backupFile_ needs function _createUniqueFilename_"
-        }
+    declare -f _execute_ &>/dev/null || fatal "_backupFile_ needs function _execute_"
+    declare -f _createUniqueFilename_ &>/dev/null || fatal "_backupFile_ needs function _createUniqueFilename_"
+
     [ ! -e "${_fileToBackup}" ] \
         && {
             debug "Source '${_fileToBackup}' not found"
             return 1
         }
 
-    if [ ${_useDirectory} == true ]; then
+    if [[ ${_useDirectory} == true ]]; then
 
         [ ! -d "${_backupDir}" ] \
             && _execute_ "mkdir -p \"${_backupDir}\"" "Creating backup directory"
 
         _newFilename="$(_createUniqueFilename_ "${_backupDir}/${_fileToBackup#.}")"
-        if [ ${_moveFile} == true ]; then
+        if [[ ${_moveFile} == true ]]; then
             _execute_ "mv \"${_fileToBackup}\" \"${_backupDir}/${_newFilename##*/}\"" "Moving: '${_fileToBackup}' to '${_backupDir}/${_newFilename##*/}'"
         else
             _execute_ "cp -R \"${_fileToBackup}\" \"${_backupDir}/${_newFilename##*/}\"" "Backing up: '${_fileToBackup}' to '${_backupDir}/${_newFilename##*/}'"
         fi
     else
         _newFilename="$(_createUniqueFilename_ "${_fileToBackup}.bak")"
-        if [ ${_moveFile} == true ]; then
+        if [[ ${_moveFile} == true ]]; then
             _execute_ "mv \"${_fileToBackup}\" \"${_newFilename}\"" "Moving '${_fileToBackup}' to '${_newFilename}'"
         else
             _execute_ "cp -R \"${_fileToBackup}\" \"${_newFilename}\"" "Backing up '${_fileToBackup}' to '${_newFilename}'"
@@ -110,10 +105,8 @@ _createUniqueFilename_() {
         case ${opt} in
             i | I) _internalInteger=true ;;
             *)
-                {
-                    error "Unrecognized option '${1}' passed to _createUniqueFilename_" "${LINENO}"
-                    return 1
-                }
+                error "Unrecognized option '${1}' passed to ${FUNCNAME[0]}" "${LINENO}"
+                return 1
                 ;;
         esac
     done
@@ -142,7 +135,7 @@ _createUniqueFilename_() {
     _originalFile="$(basename "${_fullFile}")"
 
     #shellcheck disable=SC2064
-    trap "$(shopt -p nocasematch)" RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
+    trap '$(shopt -p nocasematch)' RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
     shopt -s nocasematch                  # Use case-insensitive regex
 
     # Detect some common multi-extensions
@@ -155,18 +148,18 @@ _createUniqueFilename_() {
     _fn="${_originalFile}"
     for ((i = 0; i < _levels; i++)); do
         _ext=${_fn##*.}
-        if [[ $i == 0 ]]; then
+        if [[ ${i} == 0 ]]; then
             _extension=${_ext}${_extension:-}
         else
             _extension=${_ext}.${_extension:-}
         fi
-        _fn=${_fn%.$_ext}
+        _fn=${_fn%.${_ext}}
     done
 
     if [[ ${_extension} == "${_originalFile}" ]]; then
         _extension=""
     else
-        _originalFile="${_originalFile%.$_extension}"
+        _originalFile="${_originalFile%.${_extension}}"
         _extension=".${_extension}"
     fi
 
@@ -212,9 +205,9 @@ _decryptFile_() {
 
     local _fileToDecrypt="${1:?_decryptFile_ needs a file}"
     local _defaultName="${_fileToDecrypt%.enc}"
-    local _decryptedFile="${2:-$_defaultName.decrypt}"
+    local _decryptedFile="${2:-${_defaultName}.decrypt}"
 
-    [ ! "$(declare -f "_execute_")" ] && fatal "need function _execute_"
+    declare -f _execute_ &>/dev/null || fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _execute_"
 
     if ! command -v openssl &>/dev/null; then
         fatal "openssl not found"
@@ -247,13 +240,13 @@ _encryptFile_() {
 
     local _fileToEncrypt="${1:?_encodeFile_ needs a file}"
     local _defaultName="${_fileToEncrypt%.decrypt}"
-    local _encryptedFile="${2:-$_defaultName.enc}"
+    local _encryptedFile="${2:-${_defaultName}.enc}"
 
     [[ $# == 0 ]] && fatal "Missing required argument to ${FUNCNAME[0]}"
 
     [ ! -f "${_fileToEncrypt}" ] && return 1
 
-    [ ! "$(declare -f "_execute_")" ] && fatal "need function _execute_"
+    declare -f _execute_ &>/dev/null || fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _execute_"
 
     if ! command -v openssl &>/dev/null; then
         fatal "openssl not found"
@@ -295,7 +288,7 @@ _extractArchive_() {
                 set -- "$@" "${1:0:-2}"
                 ;;
             *.bz2) bunzip2 "$1" ;;
-            *.deb) dpkg-deb -x${_vv} "$1" "${1:0:-4}" ;;
+            *.deb) dpkg-deb -x"${_vv}" "$1" "${1:0:-4}" ;;
             *.pax.gz)
                 gunzip "$1"
                 set -- "$@" "${1:0:-3}"
@@ -304,7 +297,7 @@ _extractArchive_() {
             *.pax) pax -r -f "$1" ;;
             *.pkg) pkgutil --expand "$1" "${1:0:-4}" ;;
             *.rar) unrar x "$1" ;;
-            *.rpm) rpm2cpio "$1" | cpio -idm${_vv} ;;
+            *.rpm) rpm2cpio "$1" | cpio -idm"${_vv}" ;;
             *.tar) tar "x${_vv}f" "$1" ;;
             *.txz)
                 mv "$1" "${1:0:-4}.tar.xz"
@@ -388,15 +381,15 @@ _fileExtension_() {
         esac
     fi
 
-    _fn="$_file"
+    _fn="${_file}"
     for ((i = 0; i < _levels; i++)); do
         _ext=${_fn##*.}
-        if [[ $i == 0 ]]; then
+        if [[ ${i} == 0 ]]; then
             _exts=${_ext}${_exts:-}
         else
             _exts=${_ext}.${_exts:-}
         fi
-        _fn=${_fn%.$_ext}
+        _fn=${_fn%.${_ext}}
     done
     [[ ${_file} == "${_exts}" ]] && return 1
 
@@ -543,7 +536,7 @@ _makeSymlink_() {
     local _onlyShowChanged=false
 
     while getopts ":cCnNsS" opt; do
-        case $opt in
+        case ${opt} in
             n | N) _backupOriginal=false ;;
             s | S) _useSudo=true ;;
             c | C) _onlyShowChanged=true ;;
@@ -552,12 +545,12 @@ _makeSymlink_() {
     done
     shift $((OPTIND - 1))
 
-    [ ! "$(declare -f "_backupFile_")" ] && fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _backupFile_"
-    [ ! "$(declare -f "_execute_")" ] && fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _execute_"
+    declare -f _execute_ &>/dev/null || fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _execute_"
+    declare -f _backupFile_ &>/dev/null || fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _backupFile_"
 
     if ! command -v realpath >/dev/null 2>&1; then
         error "We must have 'realpath' installed and available in \$PATH to run."
-        if [[ $OSTYPE == "darwin"* ]]; then
+        if [[ ${OSTYPE} == "darwin"* ]]; then
             notice "Install coreutils using homebrew and rerun this script."
             info "\t$ brew install coreutils"
         fi
@@ -571,10 +564,10 @@ _makeSymlink_() {
     local _originalFile
 
     # Fix files where $HOME is written as '~'
-    _destinationFile="${_destinationFile/\~/$HOME}"
-    _sourceFile="${_sourceFile/\~/$HOME}"
+    _destinationFile="${_destinationFile/\~/${HOME}}"
+    _sourceFile="${_sourceFile/\~/${HOME}}"
 
-    [ ! -e "$_sourceFile" ] \
+    [ ! -e "${_sourceFile}" ] \
         && {
             error "'${_sourceFile}' not found"
             return 1
@@ -595,9 +588,9 @@ _makeSymlink_() {
         _originalFile="$(realpath "${_destinationFile}")"
 
         [[ ${_originalFile} == "${_sourceFile}" ]] && {
-            if [ ${_onlyShowChanged} == true ]; then
+            if [[ ${_onlyShowChanged} == true ]]; then
                 debug "Symlink already exists: ${_sourceFile} → ${_destinationFile}"
-            elif [ "${DRYRUN}" == true ]; then
+            elif [[ ${DRYRUN:-} == true ]]; then
                 dryrun "Symlink already exists: ${_sourceFile} → ${_destinationFile}"
             else
                 info "Symlink already exists: ${_sourceFile} → ${_destinationFile}"
@@ -693,7 +686,7 @@ _readFile_() {
     local _result
     local _fileToRead="$1"
 
-    [ ! -f "$_fileToRead" ] \
+    [ ! -f "${_fileToRead}" ] \
         && {
             error "'${_fileToRead}' not found"
             return 1
diff --git a/utilities/macOS.bash b/utilities/macOS.bash
index 3a5d02e..47cc206 100644
--- a/utilities/macOS.bash
+++ b/utilities/macOS.bash
@@ -62,21 +62,16 @@ _useGNUutils_() {
     # NOTES:
     #					GNU utilities can be added to MacOS using Homebrew
 
-    [ ! "$(declare -f "_setPATH_")" ] && fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _setPATH_"
-    [ ! "$(declare -f "_detectOS_")" ] && fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _detectOS_"
+    ! declare -f "_setPATH_" &>/dev/null && fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _setPATH_"
 
-    if [[ $(_detectOS_) == mac ]]; then
-        if _setPATH_ \
-            "/usr/local/opt/gnu-tar/libexec/gnubin" \
-            "/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin" \
-            "/usr/local/opt/gnu-sed/libexec/gnubin" \
-            "/usr/local/opt/grep/libexec/gnubin"; then
-            return 0
-        else
-            return 1
-        fi
-    else
-        # Always return 0 on non-MacOS
+    if _setPATH_ \
+        "/usr/local/opt/gnu-tar/libexec/gnubin" \
+        "/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin" \
+        "/usr/local/opt/gnu-sed/libexec/gnubin" \
+        "/usr/local/opt/grep/libexec/gnubin"; then
         return 0
+    else
+        return 1
     fi
+
 }
diff --git a/utilities/misc.bash b/utilities/misc.bash
index 73f1486..5619cae 100644
--- a/utilities/misc.bash
+++ b/utilities/misc.bash
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ _detectLinuxDistro_() {
 
     local _distro
     if [[ -f /etc/os-release ]]; then
-        # shellcheck disable=SC1091
+        # shellcheck disable=SC1091,SC2154
         . "/etc/os-release"
         _distro="${NAME}"
     elif type lsb_release >/dev/null 2>&1; then
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ _detectLinuxDistro_() {
         _distro=$(lsb_release -si)
     elif [[ -f /etc/lsb-release ]]; then
         # For some versions of Debian/Ubuntu without lsb_release command
-        # shellcheck disable=SC1091
+        # shellcheck disable=SC1091,SC2154
         . /etc/lsb-release
         _distro="${DISTRIB_ID}"
     elif [[ -f /etc/debian_version ]]; then
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ _detectMacOSVersion_() {
     # CREDIT:
     #         https://github.com/labbots/bash-utility
 
-    [ ! "$(declare -f "_detectOS_")" ] && fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _detectOS_"
+    declare -f _detectOS_ &>/dev/null || fatal "${FUNCNAME[0]} needs function _detectOS_"
 
     if [[ "$(_detectOS_)" == "mac" ]]; then
         local _mac_version
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ _execute_() {
 
     local OPTIND=1
     while getopts ":vVpPeEsSqQnN" opt; do
-        case $opt in
+        case ${opt} in
             v | V) _localVerbose=true ;;
             p | P) _passFailures=true ;;
             e | E) _echoResult=true ;;
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ _execute_() {
         VERBOSE=true
     fi
 
-    if "${DRYRUN}"; then
+    if "${DRYRUN:-}"; then
         if "${_quietMode}"; then
             VERBOSE=${_saveVerbose}
             return 0
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ _execute_() {
         else
             dryrun "${1}" "$(caller)"
         fi
-    elif ${VERBOSE}; then
+    elif ${VERBOSE:-}; then
         if eval "${_command}"; then
             if "${_quietMode}"; then
                 VERBOSE=${_saveVerbose}
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ _execute_() {
             fi
         else
             if "${_quietMode}"; then
-                VERBOSE=$_saveVerbose
+                VERBOSE=${_saveVerbose}
             elif "${_echoResult}"; then
                 printf "%s\n" "error: ${_executeMessage}"
             else
@@ -303,9 +303,11 @@ _findBaseDir_() {
     local _dir
 
     # Is file sourced?
-    [[ $_ != "$0" ]] \
-        && _source="${BASH_SOURCE[1]}" \
-        || _source="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"
+    if [[ ${_} != "${0}" ]]; then
+        _source="${BASH_SOURCE[1]}"
+    else
+        _source="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"
+    fi
 
     while [ -h "${_source}" ]; do # Resolve $SOURCE until the file is no longer a symlink
         _dir="$(cd -P "$(dirname "${_source}")" && pwd)"
@@ -337,9 +339,9 @@ _generateUUID_() {
     for ((n = 0; n < 16; ++n)); do
         _b="$((RANDOM % 256))"
 
-        case "$n" in
+        case "${n}" in
             6) printf '4%x' "$((_b % 16))" ;;
-            8) printf '%c%x' "${_c:$RANDOM%${#_c}:1}" "$((_b % 16))" ;;
+            8) printf '%c%x' "${_c:${RANDOM}%${#_c}:1}" "$((_b % 16))" ;;
 
             3 | 5 | 7 | 9)
                 printf '%02x-' "${_b}"
@@ -368,8 +370,8 @@ _makeProgressBar_() {
     #         done
 
     [[ $# == 0 ]] && return # Do nothing if no arguments are passed
-    (${QUIET}) && return
-    (${VERBOSE}) && return
+    (${QUIET:-}) && return
+    (${VERBOSE:-}) && return
     [ ! -t 1 ] && return      # Do nothing if the output is not a terminal
     [[ ${1} == 1 ]] && return # Do nothing with a single element
 
@@ -390,7 +392,7 @@ _makeProgressBar_() {
     tput civis # Hide the cursor
     trap 'tput cnorm; exit 1' SIGINT
 
-    if [[ ! ${progressBarProgress} -eq $n ]]; then
+    if [[ ! ${progressBarProgress} -eq ${n} ]]; then
         #echo "progressBarProgress: $progressBarProgress"
         # Compute the percentage.
         _percentage=$((progressBarProgress * 100 / $1))
@@ -398,8 +400,8 @@ _makeProgressBar_() {
         _num=$((progressBarProgress * _width / $1))
         # Create the progress bar string.
         _bar=""
-        if [ ${_num} -gt 0 ]; then
-            _bar=$(printf "%0.s${_barCharacter}" $(seq 1 ${_num}))
+        if [[ ${_num} -gt 0 ]]; then
+            _bar=$(printf "%0.s${_barCharacter}" $(seq 1 "${_num}"))
         fi
         # Print the progress bar.
         _progressBarLine=$(printf "%s [%-${_width}s] (%d%%)" "  ${_barTitle}" "${_bar}" "${_percentage}")
@@ -465,7 +467,7 @@ _seekConfirmation_() {
 
     local _yesNo
     input "${1}"
-    if "${FORCE}"; then
+    if "${FORCE:-}"; then
         debug "Forcing confirmation with '--force' flag set"
         printf "%s\n" " "
         return 0
diff --git a/utilities/services.bash b/utilities/services.bash
index f1a68e7..0de97bb 100644
--- a/utilities/services.bash
+++ b/utilities/services.bash
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ _httpStatus_() {
         --no-keepalive "${_curlops}" --output /dev/null "${_url}")
 
     #      __________ get the STATUS (from code) which is human interpretable:
-    case $_code in
+    case ${_code} in
         000) _status="Not responding within ${_timeout} seconds" ;;
         100) _status="Informational: Continue" ;;
         101) _status="Informational: Switching Protocols" ;;
diff --git a/utilities/strings.bash b/utilities/strings.bash
index 66c4e70..33a75fb 100644
--- a/utilities/strings.bash
+++ b/utilities/strings.bash
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ _cleanString_() {
 
     local OPTIND=1
     while getopts ":lLuUaAsSpP" opt; do
-        case $opt in
+        case ${opt} in
             l | L) _lc=true ;;
             u | U) _uc=true ;;
             a | A) _alphanumeric=true ;;
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ _cleanString_() {
 
     local i
     for i in "${_arrayToClean[@]}"; do
-        debug "cleaning: $i"
-        _string="$(printf "%s" "${_string}" | sed "s/$i//g")"
+        debug "cleaning: ${i}"
+        _string="$(printf "%s" "${_string}" | sed "s/${i}//g")"
     done
 
     ("${_lc}") \
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ _regexCapture_() {
         case ${opt} in
             i | I)
                 #shellcheck disable=SC2064
-                trap "$(shopt -p nocasematch)" RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
+                trap '$(shopt -p nocasematch)' RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
                 shopt -s nocasematch                  # Use case-insensitive regex
                 ;;
             *) fatal "Unrecognized option '${1}' passed to ${FUNCNAME[0]}. Exiting." ;;
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ _stringContains_() {
         case ${opt} in
             i | I)
                 #shellcheck disable=SC2064
-                trap "$(shopt -p nocasematch)" RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
+                trap '$(shopt -p nocasematch)' RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
                 shopt -s nocasematch                  # Use case-insensitive searching
                 ;;
             *) fatal "Unrecognized option '${1}' passed to ${FUNCNAME[0]}. Exiting." ;;
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ _stringRegex_() {
         case ${opt} in
             i | I)
                 #shellcheck disable=SC2064
-                trap "$(shopt -p nocasematch)" RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
+                trap '$(shopt -p nocasematch)' RETURN # reset nocasematch when function exits
                 shopt -s nocasematch                  # Use case-insensitive regex
                 ;;
             *) fatal "Unrecognized option '${1}' passed to ${FUNCNAME[0]}. Exiting." ;;
diff --git a/utilities/template_utils.bash b/utilities/template_utils.bash
index c6ac055..d40fb9e 100644
--- a/utilities/template_utils.bash
+++ b/utilities/template_utils.bash
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # Functions required to allow the script template and alert functions to be used
 # shellcheck disable=SC2154
 
+# shellcheck disable=SC2120
 _acquireScriptLock_() {
     # DESC:
     #         Acquire script lock to prevent running the same script a second time before the
@@ -17,18 +18,18 @@ _acquireScriptLock_() {
     if [[ ${1:-} == 'system' ]]; then
         _lockDir="${TMPDIR:-/tmp/}$(basename "$0").lock"
     else
-        _lockDir="${TMPDIR:-/tmp/}$(basename "$0").$UID.lock"
+        _lockDir="${TMPDIR:-/tmp/}$(basename "$0").${UID}.lock"
     fi
 
-    if command mkdir "${LOCK_DIR}" 2>/dev/null; then
+    if command mkdir "${_lockDir}" 2>/dev/null; then
         readonly SCRIPT_LOCK="${_lockDir}"
-        debug "Acquired script lock: ${tan}${SCRIPT_LOCK}${purple}"
+        debug "Acquired script lock: ${yellow}${SCRIPT_LOCK}${purple}"
     else
-        if [ "$(declare -f "_safeExit_")" ]; then
-            error "Unable to acquire script lock: ${yellow}${LOCK_DIR}${red}"
+        if declare -f "_safeExit_" &>/dev/null; then
+            error "Unable to acquire script lock: ${yellow}${_lockDir}${red}"
             fatal "If you trust the script isn't running, delete the lock dir"
         else
-            printf "%s\n" "ERROR: Could not acquire script lock. If you trust the script isn't running, delete: ${LOCK_DIR}"
+            printf "%s\n" "ERROR: Could not acquire script lock. If you trust the script isn't running, delete: ${_lockDir}"
             exit 1
         fi
 
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ _safeExit_() {
         if command rm -rf "${SCRIPT_LOCK}"; then
             debug "Removing script lock"
         else
-            warning "Script lock could not be removed. Try manually deleting ${tan}'${LOCK_DIR}'"
+            warning "Script lock could not be removed. Try manually deleting ${yellow}'${SCRIPT_LOCK}'"
         fi
     fi